“Constituted as it is, the human race cannot exist without vast numbers of workers who have no property at all, for certainly a man in easy circumstances will not leave his own land to cultivate yours; and if you want a pair of...
Read MoreBryer NO v Heritage Western Cape The high court dealt with the authority concerning provincial heritage resources and the interpretation of s38 of the National Heritage Resources Act, 1999 and quoted with approval a passage from...
Read MoreThird parties may become involved in the contractual relationship between others such as stipulatio alteri (for the benefit of a third-party beneficiary). The third-party beneficiaries may claim the benefit only once they have...
Read More Essence Understanding conditions: The commercially sensible and reasonable interpretation of the words ‘on condition’ having regard to the purpose of the clause and the facts and circumstances is an ‘understanding’ or...
Read MoreFor subscribers only Whilst some judgment summaries are available to all, this judgment summary is reserved for subscribers only. If you are already a subscriber, you can login to see this judgment summary. If you cannot login,...
Read MoreIf the meaning of a word or clause in a written document is not clear, or the word or clause is ambiguous, the verba fortuis accipiuntur contra proferentem rule applies. In other words this rule provides that if there is any...
Read MoreFor subscribers only Whilst some judgment summaries are available to all, this judgment summary is reserved for subscribers only. If you are already a subscriber, you can login to see this judgment summary. If you cannot login,...
Read More‘The terms “left” and “right” are from the 1789 French Revolution, where parties seated on the left wanted to replace the king and church’s power with liberty and equality. The modern left espouses the latter, not...
Read MoreFor subscribers only Whilst some judgment summaries are available to all, this judgment summary is reserved for subscribers only. If you are already a subscriber, you can login to see this judgment summary. If you cannot login,...
Read MoreFor subscribers only Whilst some judgment summaries are available to all, this judgment summary is reserved for subscribers only. If you are already a subscriber, you can login to see this judgment summary. If you cannot login,...
Read MoreFor subscribers only Whilst some judgment summaries are available to all, this judgment summary is reserved for subscribers only. If you are already a subscriber, you can login to see this judgment summary. If you cannot login,...
Read MoreThe Employment Equity Act (EEA) obliges senior management to create a framework for each enterprise and to report thereon. Decisions are processed from the top down to the bottom of the enterprise and employees are paid...
Read More